Who would have thought that after multiple wars, unpredictable trade policies and fraying geopolitical alliances, markets would have bounced back at the midpoint of 2025? Yet after a few volatile months, the S&P 500 Index hit multiple record highs and is up 8.2% through July 30, 2025 — a testament to market resilience.

Still, rising tariffs, complex trade negotiations and ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East suggest that uncertainty will continue to influence markets in the months ahead. To help put these events in context for investors, here are five charts that illustrate Capital Group’s 2025 Midyear Outlook. 

1. Four scenarios for global realignment

Rising uncertainty has complicated the task of creating economic forecasts. A global trade war and shifting political alliances could slow growth, boost inflation and raise the risk of a recession. Alternatively, markets may continue to respond positively to constructive trade negotiations.

That’s why Capital Group’s Night Watch team of economists and portfolio managers uses scenario planning, rather than predictions, to prepare for whatever the future brings. They identify a range of outcomes, then connect them to investment implications.

Four potential outcomes have emerged: a trade battlefront, characterized by significant tariffs and other protectionist measures; grand bargains, the most benign scenario; the return of great powers; and assertive nationalism.

Each scenario has different implications for specific industries and stock and bond markets. But one commonality across all four is greater defense spending due to rising geopolitical conflict — an unfortunate reality in today’s world.

2. Security emerges as an investment theme

A fragmented and increasingly hostile geopolitical landscape has forced nations to invest aggressively to safeguard vital resources. In this environment, security has become a key investment theme.

For starters, governments are escalating defense spending. “There has been a recognition in Europe, Japan and elsewhere that they must be more self-sufficient in terms of their defense,” says Samir Parekh, equity portfolio manager for CGIE — Capital Group International Equity ETF and EUPAC Fund^TM.

Security also extends beyond national defense. Worldwide, countries are prioritizing resilience in energy, supply chains and technology. Several industries and companies could benefit. Global giants like Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan, Siemens Energy in Germany and GE Vernova in the U.S. offer products across these categories, including power generation, grid modernization, defense systems and cybersecurity.

3. Market selloffs present opportunities

Markets often overreact to near-term volatility, punishing strong companies along with the weak — a dynamic that played out in early April. This can present long-term opportunities for patient investors.

A look back at the pandemic-induced bear market in 2020 is a case in point. Stocks across a range of industries suffered double-digit losses. “With travel and leisure activities halted, cruise lines like Royal Caribbean were priced as if no one would ever book passage again,” recalls Chris Buchbinder, principal investment officer of CGDV — Capital Group Dividend Value ETF. “This turned out to be an excellent investment opportunity for those who recognized that global travel would one day bounce back.”

After plummeting more than 83% in the depths of COVID-19, Royal Caribbean rebounded strongly, advancing more than 1,000% in the five years since.

Of course, such powerful turnarounds don’t come along every day. “When markets were whipsawed by tariff news in the first half of the year, we saw an opportunity to invest in certain health care companies offering GLP-1 weight loss therapies,” Buchbinder adds.

Semiconductor companies are another area of opportunity, given the long runway of potential growth for AI infrastructure. “The key when great companies go on sale is you have to be prepared to weather some anxiety near term,” Buchbinder continues. “Not all companies will have such powerful recoveries, which is why fundamental research helps me select those that I believe may prosper.

4. Bonds offer relative stability

Investors count on bonds to zig when stock markets zag. That’s exactly what happened during the policy-induced stock market volatility that roiled markets earlier this year.

Specifically, when the S&P 500 Index fell 18.7% from the record high set on February 19, 2025, to the recent low on April 8, 2025, the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Index gained 1%. This relationship will be vital should economic conditions weaken abruptly. The Fed can lower interest rates beyond expectations and provide a tailwind for bond returns since bond prices increase as yields decline.

Maintaining a balanced core bond portfolio is important to Chitrang Purani, principal investment officer for CGCB — Capital Group Core Bond ETF and portfolio manager for The Bond Fund of America®.

“I currently favor high-quality issuers across bond sectors, as you’re not getting paid appropriately to take on riskier investments. The market has priced in a very optimistic outlook, and while recession is not my base case, it’s crucial for bond portfolios to serve as a ballast when volatility hits.”

5. Markets have been resilient over time

The desire to act when markets tumble is understandable. But the cost of selling could be significant.

In 2018, during President Trump’s first term, a series of new tariffs launched against China sparked a trade war that roiled markets and dominated headlines, much like today. How did stocks react? The S&P 500 Index dropped 4.4% in 2018 on fears of an economic slowdown and higher inflation. But the index recovered sharply in 2019, rising 31.5%, as trade deals were announced and consumer spending remained steady.